National Reading Panel (NRP) – Instruction and Intervention

Research indicates that students need to acquire skills and knowledge in at least five main areas in order to become proficient readers.

PHONEMIC AWARENESS: The ability to hear and manipulate sounds.

· Segmenting

· Blending

· Rhyming

· Substituting phonemes

PHONICS/DECODING: The ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to read words.

· Alphabet letters and sounds

· Nonsense Word Fluency (DIBELS)

· Skills (vowels, digraphs, blends, r-controlled)

FLUENCY: The effortless, automatic ability to read words in isolation and connected text.

· Monitor rate, accuracy, and phrasing

· Read Naturally

· Repeated Readings

· Choral/Echo reading

VOCABULARY: The ability to understand (receptive) and use (expressive) words to acquire and convey meaning.

· Building background

· Pronouncing and defining words

· Word study

COMPREHENSION: The complete cognitive process involving the intentional interaction between reader and text to extract meaning.

· Retelling

· Stem questions

· Strategies: compare/contrast, inferring, predicting, visualizing, main idea

· Written response