on all staffs, key signatures, sharps, flats, naturals, enharmonic tones, alternate fingerings, scales, understanding the use of proper posture, breath support and breath control, hand position, bowing, embouchure formation, and intonation and tuning in ensemble performance)

Musical Rhythm (Learning to read, write, count, clap, and play musical rhythms in simple and compound meters, reviewing and working with meter signatures, tempos, subdivision, and the basics of keeping accurate time)

Instrumental Technique (Learning and using proper hand position, fingerings, alternate fingerings, shifting and positions appropriate for skill level; learning and practicing the Circle of Fifths, major and minor scales, thirds, arpeggios, and chromatic scales)

Music Theory (Learning and using new musical vocabulary, scale construction, simple composition styles and forms, and various musical symbols and foreign terminology)

Musical Interpretation and Appreciation (Learning about musical styles, historical perspectives, musical phrasing, and self expression in music)

Musical Performance (Understanding and practicing appropriate rehearsal techniques, study skills, practicing strategies; Practicing appropriate stage presence and behavior through self-discipline, respect for self and others, and pride in performance; Understanding of group effort and successful concert preparation and performance - ie. The responsibility of planning ahead, being on time, dressed formally and appropriately, having music well-prepared, focus and concentration both on and off the stage, and the participation in stage crews and public announcing)